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[目的]针对激光制备表面微纳结构在机械外力作用下易遭受磨损和破坏的难题，提出将化学蚀刻和激光加工相结合的方法在304不锈钢表面构建多级织构。[方法]先对304不锈钢化学蚀刻形成一级织构，再通过激光加工得到面积密度为20%的二级织构。研究了304不锈钢表面多级织构化后的微观结构、成分、相组成和显微硬度，以及在食用油润滑条件下表面织构形状对不锈钢表面摩擦学性能的影响。[结果]304不锈钢经化学蚀刻后表面形成了规则排布的凸点，平均摩擦因数降低16%。进一步激光加工后，304不锈钢表面发生重熔和硬化，形成了直径约55μm的液滴状斑点，显微硬度升至(205.4±36.2) HV，平均摩擦因数降低。激光加工构建的表面织构为正方形时，304不锈钢的平均摩擦因数最低(为0.085)，耐磨减摩性能最佳。[结论]通过化学蚀刻和激光加工复合工艺可在不锈钢表面获得稳定的多级织构，有助于推动不锈钢材料在耐磨、减摩及不粘产品领域的应用。
Abstract：[Objective] Aiming at the problem that the surface micro-and nano-structures prepared by laser processing are prone to be worn and damaged under external mechanical force, a method combining chemical etching and laser processing was proposed to construct multilevel texture on surface of 304 stainless steel. [Method] Chemical etching was conducted initially to form primary texture on 304 stainless steel, followed by laser processing to create secondary texture with an area density of 20%. The microstructure, composition, phase structure, and microhardness of 304 stainless steel after multilevel surface texturing were studied. The effect of surface texture shape on the tribological properties of 304 stainless steel under edible oil lubrication was also studied. [Result] Some regularly arranged convex points were formed on surface of 304 stainless steel after chemical etching, and its average friction coefficient was decreased by 16%. The 304 stainless steel underwent remelting and hardening after further laser processing, forming droplet-like spots with a diameter of about 55 μm. The microhardness was increased to(205.4 ± 36.2) HV, and the average friction coefficient was decreased. When the surface texture constructed by laser processing was square, the 304 stainless steel had the lowest average friction coefficient of 0.085, demonstrating the best wear resistance and friction reduction performance. [Conclusion] Stable multilevel textures can be constructed on surface of stainless steel by combining chemical etching and laser processing, which helps promote the application of stainless steel materials in the field of wear resistant, friction reducing, and non-stick fields.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19289/j.1004-227x.2025.02.003
中图分类号:TG665;TG142.71
引用信息:
[1]翁文丰,万鹏,曹达华等.304不锈钢化学蚀刻-激光加工多级织构化及其摩擦学性能[J].电镀与涂饰,2025,44(02):15-19.DOI:10.19289/j.1004-227x.2025.02.003.
基金信息: