电镀与涂饰

2025, 02, v.44 20-29

高温氧化316L不锈钢电解抛光工艺

1.上海应用技术大学化学与环境工程学院 2.上海有色金属工业技术监测中心有限公司

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DOI: 10.19289/j.1004-227x.2025.02.004

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摘要：

[目的]不锈钢在高温烧结后表面会形成致密的灰黑色氧化膜，影响后续加工及使用，因此需要采取措施去除该氧化膜。[方法]对高温氧化后的316L不锈钢先进行浸蚀和酸洗处理，再电解抛光。通过正交试验和单因素实验优化了酸洗液的配方和工艺条件。重点研究了电解抛光过程中电流密度和抛光时间对316L不锈钢表面粗糙度和耐蚀性的影响。对比了不同工序处理后316L不锈钢的表面轮廓和微观形貌变化。[结果]较佳的酸洗配方和工艺条件为：盐酸220 mL/L，硫酸70 mL/L，金属盐X 60 g/L，温度70℃，时间6 min。电解抛光的较佳工艺条件为：电流密度50 A/dm²抛光时间85 s。在此条件下处理后，316L不锈钢的表面粗糙度Ra降至0.326 2μm，表面均匀平滑，耐蚀性显著提升。[结论]通过浸蚀和酸洗前处理再电解抛光，可有效去除高温氧化316L不锈钢表面的氧化膜，降低表面粗糙度，并显著提高其耐蚀性。

关键词： 不锈钢; 高温氧化; 表面处理; 酸洗; 电解抛光; 耐腐蚀性能;

Abstract：

[Objective] The formation of a compact gray-black oxide film on the surface of stainless steel after high-temperature sintering adversely affects its subsequent processing and application. Therefore, corresponding measures needs to be taken to remove the oxide film. [Method] The 316L stainless steel subjected to high-temperature oxidation was treated by etching and pickling prior to electrolytic polishing. The pickling solution composition and process conditions were optimized through orthogonal test and single-factor experiments. The effects of current density and temperature during electrolytic polishing on the surface roughness and corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel were studied in detail. Additionally, changes in surface profile and microstructure of 316L stainless steel after different processing steps were compared. [Result] The pickling solution composition and process conditions were optimized as follows: hydrochloric acid 220 mL/L, sulfuric acid 70 mL/L, metal salt X 60 g/L, temperature 70℃, and time 6 min. The suitable current density and time for electrolytic polishing was 50 mA/dm2 and 85 s respectively. After being treated under the optimized conditions, the surfaceof 316L stainless steel was uniform and smooth with a surface roughness(Ra)of 0.326 2 μm, and its corrosion resistance was significantly enhanced. [Conclusion] The oxide film on surface of high-temperature oxidized 316L stainless steel can be effectively removed through etching and pickling as pretreatments before electrolytic polishing, not only reducing the surface roughness, but also significantly improve its corrosion resistance.

KeyWords： stainless steel; high-temperature oxidation; surface treatment; pickling; electrolytic polishing; corrosion resistance;

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基本信息:

DOI：10.19289/j.1004-227x.2025.02.004

中图分类号:TG175

引用信息:

[1]张硕,梁潇,束春慧等.高温氧化316L不锈钢电解抛光工艺[J].电镀与涂饰,2025,44(02):20-29.DOI:10.19289/j.1004-227x.2025.02.004.

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