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[目的]轮胎模具在制造过程中产生的较深划痕需要被去除，以降低表面粗糙度。[方法]采用皮秒脉冲激光器进行分步烧蚀抛光试验，即先通过激光烧蚀的方式去除模具表面的划痕，再进行激光抛光。通过设计激光烧蚀的正交试验和激光抛光的单因素试验，探求最佳工艺参数组合。[结果]当激光能量密度为0.11 J/cm2扫描速率为10 mm/s，扫描间距为0.01 mm时，可以去除材料表面深度约38μm的划痕，材料去除机理为烧蚀气化。在激光能量密度为0.39 J/cm2扫描速率为1 250 mm/s，扫描间距为0.018 mm时，通过第二步的激光抛光工艺可将材料表面粗糙度Ra由(1.404±0.132)μm降低至(99±18) nm，总降低率为92.9%，激光抛光机理为表面浅熔融。经过两步激光处理后，材料表面显微硬度由(235.9±17.3) HV提升至(316.3±6.5) HV。[结论]通过分步烧蚀抛光的激光加工技术可以获得光洁、无划痕且高硬度的35钢表面，有利于后续硫化工艺中的脱模过程。
Abstract：[Objective] The deep scratches generated during the manufacturing process of tire molds need to be removed to reduce surface roughness. [Method] A picosecond pulsed laser was employed for a step-by-step ablation and polishing test. The scratches on mold surface were removed by laser ablation and laser polishing successively. The optimal process parameters were explored by designing an orthogonal test for laser ablation and single-factor experiments for laser polishing. [Result] By laser abrasion at laser fluence 0.11 J/cm2 scanning rate 10 mm/s, and scanning spacing 0.01 mm, scratches with a depth of about 38 μm were effectively removed, and the material removal mechanism was identified as ablation vaporization. In the second step of laser polishing at laser fluence 0.39 J/cm2 scanning rate 1250 mm/s, and scanning spacing 0.018 mm, the surface roughness(Ra) of the material was reduced from(1.404 ± 0.132) μm to(99 ± 18) nm with a total reduction rate of 92.9%, and the laser polishing mechanism was characterized as shallow surface remelting. The surface microhardness was increased from(235.9 ± 17.3) HV to(316.3 ± 6.5) HV after the two-step laser treatment. [Conclusion] This step-by-step laser ablation and polishing process can produce a smooth, scratch-free, and high-hardness 35 steel surface, which facilitates the release process in subsequent vulcanization process.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19289/j.1004-227x.2025.02.002
中图分类号:TG665
引用信息:
[1]朱胜旺,纪成龙,王成金等.模具钢表面皮秒激光分步烧蚀抛光工艺研究[J].电镀与涂饰,2025,44(02):8-14.DOI:10.19289/j.1004-227x.2025.02.002.
基金信息:
山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程（2022TSGC1169）