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[目的]为科学评估热浸镀锌螺栓在不同大气环境下的服役寿命差异及其对生态环境的影响，以及建立全生命周期环保性能评价体系，本研究通过分析镀锌螺栓在典型环境下的腐蚀行为，结合环境属性量化其生产环节的环境影响指标，为电力系统选材优化与维护策略提供理论依据。[方法]在三亚(SY)、武汉(WH)、潍坊(WF)和青岛(QD)4个典型大气环境中对镀锌螺栓进行了为期12月和24月的暴露试验，通过形貌观察、腐蚀速率计算、拉曼光谱分析及电化学测试分析镀锌螺栓在4种不同典型大气环境下的腐蚀行为。并基于ISO 14042:2000标准运用IMPACT2002+方法构建环保性能评价指标体系。[结果]镀锌螺栓在不同典型环境中均具有较好的耐蚀性，主要以均匀腐蚀为主，并伴随局部腐蚀坑，最高腐蚀速率为18.22μm/a，腐蚀坑深度集中于7～11μm。腐蚀速率排序呈现阶段性差异，12月时为WF>WH>SY>QD,24月时转为WF>WH>QD>SY。拉曼分析表明，镀锌螺栓在QD地区暴露24月后的腐蚀产物以低保护性Zn_5Cl2OH)8H_2O为主，而其余地区形成致密的Zn5CO32OH)6电化学测试显示，12个月时QD地区样品极化电阻最高，腐蚀电流密度最低；24个月时SY地区样品的耐蚀性最优，WF地区样品始终表现最差。[结论]镀锌螺栓腐蚀速率的差异与表面腐蚀产物膜的保护效能密切相关，低致密性产物对基体的保护性较低，因而腐蚀速率增大。基于生产过程环境属性分析，确立化学需氧量、酸化潜值、富营养化潜值、固体废弃物、可吸入无机物及全球气候变暖潜值为热浸镀锌环保性能核心评价指标，实现腐蚀防护效能与环境影响的协同评估。
Abstract：[Objective]To scientifically evaluate the service life differences of hot-dip galvanized bolts in different atmospheric environments and their impact on ecological environment,as well as to establish a life-cycle environmental performance evaluation system,the corrosion behavior of galvanized bolts in typical environments were studied,the environmental impact indicators during production process were also quantified based on environmental attributes,providing theoretical support for material optimization and maintenance strategies in power systems.[Method]Hot-dip galvanized bolts were exposed in four typical atmospheric environments i.e.Sanya (coded as SY),Wuhan (coded as WH),Weifang (coded as WF),and Qingdao (coded as QD) for 12 and 24 months.The corrosion behavior of galvanized bolts in the four sites were analyzed through morphology observation,corrosion rate calculation,Raman spectroscopy,and electrochemical testing.The IMPACT2002+method was employed to construct an environmental performance evaluation index system based on ISO 14042:2000.[Result]The galvanized bolts exhibited good corrosion resistance in all tested environments,with uniform corrosion as the dominant mode,accompanied by localized pitting corrosion.The maximum corrosion rate was 18.22μm/a,and the pit depths were concentrated between 7 and 11μm.The corrosion rate ranking in different sites showed time-dependent differences:WF>WH>SY>QD at 12 months,and WF>WH>QD>SY at 24 months.Raman analysis revealed that in QD,the corrosion products after 24 months of exposure were primarily low-protective Zn_5Cl2OH)8H_2O,while specimens in other sites formed dense Zn5CO32OH)6Electrochemical tests indicated that at 12 months,the specimens in QD exhibited the highest polarization resistance and the lowest corrosion current density;at 24 months,SY specimens showed the best corrosion resistance,while WF specimens consistently performed the worst.[Conclusion]The differences in corrosion rates of galvanized bolts are closely related to the protective efficiency of the surface corrosion product films.Low-density corrosion products provide inadequate protection for the substrate,leading to higher corrosion rates.Based on the environmental attributes of the production process,key environmental performance evaluation indicators for hot-dip galvanizing i.e.chemical oxygen demand(COD),acidification potential (AP),eutrophication potential (EP),solid waste (SW),respirable inorganics (RI),and global warming potential (GWP) were established.The results of this paper enables a synergistic assessment of corrosion protection performance and environmental impact.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19289/j.1004-227x.2025.03.005
中图分类号:TM75;TG172.3
引用信息:
[1]王倩,樊志彬,黄振宁等.热浸镀锌螺栓在不同大气环境中的腐蚀行为研究及其环保性能评价指标分析[J].电镀与涂饰,2025,44(03):34-45.DOI:10.19289/j.1004-227x.2025.03.005.
基金信息:
国网山东电力公司科技项目(2023A-182)