[目的]7A04铝合金锻件常用于航空航天领域的主承力结构中，硫酸阳极氧化是其常用的表面处理工艺，研究锻件材料本身的组织对阳极氧化的影响对指导生产有重要意义。[方法]7A04接头零件锻件机加工完成后进行碱洗和阳极氧化表面处理，对零件材料组织及表面阳极氧化层进行宏观和微观观察，并开展能谱和金相分析，考察了基材的显微硬度和阳极氧化膜的厚度。[结果]经不同方式锻造后的零件两端在完成阳极氧化处理后的膜层颜色不同，一端为正常的黄色，另一端出现异常黑斑。在零件自由锻造过程中，变形量小、锻造速率高的部分位置材料晶粒未得到充分细化，对力学性能造成一定影响，也致使阳极氧化前处理碱洗后接头两端的表面平整度不同，因此最终形成的阳极氧化膜层的平整度不同，对光的反射及散射存在差异，从而导致颜色不同。然而黑斑位置的阳极氧化膜层同样致密连续，只是厚度略小，仍可起到一定的保护作用。[结论]7A04铝合金在自由锻造过程中应保证变形量、锻造速率及冷锻量符合要求，使材料组织得以充分均匀细化，才能保证阳极氧化表面处理品质及力学性能满足工程应用的要求。

[Objective] 7A04 aluminum alloy forgings are commonly used in the primary load-bearing structures in the aerospace industry, with sulfuric acid anodizing being a standard surface treatment process. Studying the influence of 7A04 aluminum alloy forging's intrinsic microstructure on anodizing is significant for guiding production. [Method] 7A04 joint forgings underwent alkaline cleaning and anodizing after machining. The substrate and anodic oxide film were examined by macroscopic and microscopic observation, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, metallographic analysis, and microhardness testing. [Result] Due to different local forging conditions, the two ends of the joint exhibited different colors after anodizing: one end showed the normal yellow hue, while the other end displayed abnormal dark spots. During the free forging process, the areas with low deformation and high forging rate resulted in insufficient grain refinement, adversely affecting the mechanical properties. This also led to different surface flatness at the two ends of the joint after alkaline cleaning prior to anodizing, consequently producing anodic oxide films with different flatness. Differences in light reflection and scattering due to this surface morphology resulted in the observed color variation. However, the anodic oxide film at the dark spot area remained compact and continuous, albeit slightly thinner, and still provided a certain degree of protection. [Conclusion] For 7A04 aluminum alloy during free forging, it is essential to ensure that the deformation amount, forging rate, and cold forging amount meet the requirements to achieve sufficient and uniform grain refinement. This is crucial for guaranteeing that both the quality of the anodizing process and the mechanical properties satisfy the demands of engineering applications.