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[目的]研究镀液温度、pH、电流密度、合金元素组成及热处理工艺对电镀镍基合金代铬镀层显微硬度的影响，确定其最佳工艺参数。[方法]以304不锈钢为阴极，先预镀光亮镍，再在不同工艺条件下电镀镍基合金，采用显微硬度计测试镀层硬度，利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS)分析了镀层形貌、厚度与元素组成，通过孔隙率测试、中性盐雾试验及Na_2S溶液浸泡试验来评价镀层耐蚀性，以及通过滑动摩擦试验研究了镀层的耐磨性。[结果]较佳的电镀工艺参数为：镀液温度60～70℃，pH 6.0～6.5，电流密度2～9 A/dm2，调色剂添加量20 mL/L。镀后在350～400°C下热处理3 h，所得镀层外观接近六价铬镀层，显微硬度最高达1 050 HV，主要成分为Ni 62.3%(以质量分数计)、W 32.6%及Co 2.7%，孔隙率为零，耐蚀性良好，但耐磨性与六价铬镀层有一定差距。[结论]本工艺的镍基合金镀层具有高硬度、良好耐蚀性及与六价铬相近的外观，具备替代传统镀铬工艺的应用潜力。
Abstract：[Objective] The effect of bath temperature, pH, current density, alloy composition, heat treatment temperature, and time on the microhardness of nickel-based alloy chromium-substitute coatings were studied to optimize the process parameters. [Method] Using 304 stainless steel as the cathode, a bright nickel pre-plating was applied first, followed by electroplating of nickel-based alloy under different process conditions. The microhardness of coating was measured with a microhardness tester. The morphology, thickness, and elemental composition of coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS). The corrosion resistance was evaluated via porosity testing, neutral salt spray test, and Na_2S solution immersion test, and the wear resistance was examined through sliding friction test. [Result] The electroplating parameters were optimized as follows: bath temperature 60-70 ℃, pH 6.0-6.5, current density 2-9 A/dm2, toner concentration 20 mL/L, and a post-electroplating heat treatment at 350-400 ℃ for 3 hours. The resulting coating exhibited an appearance close to that of hexavalent chromium coating, with a maximum microhardness of 1 050 HV. Its main composition(in mass fraction) was Ni 62.3%, W 32.6%, and Co 2.7%. Despite achieving zero porosity and good corrosion resistance, the wear resistance of the coating remained lower than that of hexavalent chromium coating. [Conclusion] The nickel-based alloy coating produced by this process exhibits high hardness, good corrosion resistance, and an appearance similar to hexavalent chromium coating, making it a viable alternative to the traditional chromium electroplating.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19289/j.1004-227x.2025.12.009
中图分类号:TQ153
引用信息:
[1]刘宁华,邓正平,陈海新,等.不同工艺参数对电镀镍基合金代铬镀层性能的影响[J].电镀与涂饰,2025,44(12):56-61.DOI:10.19289/j.1004-227x.2025.12.009.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划（2023YFB3408200）
2025-12-20
2025-12-20