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[目的]针对铝合金材料在运输、组装及使用过程中发生的表面刮擦现象，通过调控阳极氧化电压，在铝合金表面构筑了梯度阳极氧化膜层，以提升其耐刮擦性能。[方法]采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、表面轮廓仪、显微硬度计、划痕仪等手段，分析了2024铝合金表面氧化层的相组成、微观形貌、表面粗糙度、硬度及耐刮擦性能。[结果]所制备的阳极氧化膜表面形貌以纳米孔洞组成的群落结构为主，且主要由非晶氧化铝相组成。对于恒定电压制备的阳极氧化膜而言，随着电压从20 V升高至60 V，氧化膜层表面粗糙度Ra逐渐由0.65μm增大至1.32μm，平均显微硬度由417 HV降至221 HV，耐刮擦性能逐渐下降，膜层剥落临界载荷由20 N降低至12 N左右。采用20 V至60 V梯度电压制备的阳极氧化膜具有最佳的耐刮擦性能，划痕最大宽度仅为0.211 mm，膜层剥落临界载荷为29.5 N。[结论]通过改变阳极氧化电压，可以制备出具有优异耐刮擦性能的铝合金阳极氧化膜，这为铝合金表面刮擦防护提供了新的思路。
Abstract：[Objective] Surface scratching often emerges during the transportation, assembly, and applications of aluminum alloy materials. A gradient anodic oxide film was fabricated on aluminum alloy through the regulation of anodizing voltage to improve its scratch resistance. [Method] The phase composition, microstructure, surface roughness, hardness, and scratch resistance of the anodic oxide layer on 2024 aluminum alloy surface were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), surface profilometry, microhardness testing, and scratch testing. [Result] The surface morphology of the anodic oxide film was dominated by a clustered structure composed of nanopores, and the oxide film primarily consisted of amorphous alumina phase. For the anodic oxide films prepared at constant voltages, increasing the oxidation voltage from 20 V to 60 V led to a gradual increase in surface roughness(Ra increased from 0.65 μm to 1.32 μm), a decrease in average microhardness from 417 HV to 221 HV, and a deterioration in scratch resistance, with the critical load for delamination decreasing from approximately 20 N to 12 N. The anodic oxide film prepared with a gradient voltage from 20 V to 60 V exhibited the optimal scratch resistance, with a maximum scratch width of only 0.211 mm and a critical delamination load of 29.5 N. [Conclusion] By adjusting the anodizing voltage, an anodic oxide film with excellent scratch resistance can be prepared on aluminum alloy. This study provides a new approach for enhancing the scratch protection of aluminum alloy surfaces.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19289/j.1004-227x.2026.04.011
中图分类号:TG174.4
引用信息:
[1]张中泉,丁世明,胡樱,等.铝合金表面梯度氧化层的构筑及其耐刮擦性能研究[J].电镀与涂饰,2026,45(04):83-90.DOI:10.19289/j.1004-227x.2026.04.011.
2026-01-19
2026
2026-04-01
2026
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2026-04-02
2026-04-02
2026-04-02