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[目的]输电设备隔离开关的电接触部件在长期野外服役中面临严峻的大气腐蚀挑战，其可靠性直接关系到电网安全。本文旨在研究电流对银、锡两种典型防护镀层材料腐蚀行为的影响。[方法]以铜基Ag镀层和Sn镀层为研究对象，采用3.5%NaCl溶液模拟加速大气腐蚀环境。通过开展不同电流(0、5和10 A)下的浸泡试验，结合电化学阻抗谱、动电位极化曲线、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜等分析手段，研究Ag镀层和Sn镀层在通电条件下的腐蚀行为。[结果]电流作用加剧了两种镀层的腐蚀，电流越大，腐蚀速率越大。在10 A电流下浸泡腐蚀6 h后，Sn镀层即已蚀穿，而Ag镀层仅出现点蚀。电化学测试显示，无电流时Ag镀层的电荷转移电阻远高于Sn镀层；通电后，两者的电荷转移电阻均显著降低，腐蚀电流密度升高。拉曼光谱分析表明，电流作用改变了腐蚀产物组成：Ag镀层表面的Ag_2O向Ag_2S转变，Sn镀层表面由保护性Sn O2转化为无保护性的Sn_3O2(OH)2，导致产物膜保护作用减弱，从而加速腐蚀。[结论]在本实验条件下，Ag镀层的耐腐蚀性能与高电流性能均显著优于Sn镀层。该研究为电力设备电接触部件材料的选型与腐蚀防护提供了重要的实验依据与理论参考。
Abstract：[Objective] The electrical contact components of disconnectors in power transmission equipment face severe atmospheric corrosion challenges during long-term field service, and their reliability is directly related to the security of the power grid. This study aims to investigate the effect of electric current on the corrosion behavior of two typical protective coating materials including silver coatings and tin coatings. [Method] Using copper-based Ag and Sn coatings as research subjects, 3.5% NaCl solution was employed to simulate the accelerated atmospheric corrosion environment. Immersion tests were conducted under different currents(0, 5, and 10 A). The corrosion behavior of Ag and Sn coating under energized conditions was studied by combining electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), potentiodynamic polarization curve measurement, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). [Result] The existence of current significantly accelerated the corrosion of both coatings; the higher the current, the greater the corrosion rate. After 6 hours of immersion corrosion at current of 10 A, the Sn coating suffered from perforation, while the Ag coating showed only pitting corrosion. Electrochemical tests revealed that the charge transfer resistance of Ag coating was significantly higher than that of Sn coating in the absence of current. The application of current markedly reduced the charge transfer resistance of both coatings, accompanied by an increase in corrosion current density. Raman spectroscopy analysis indicated that the current altered the composition of the corrosion products: Ag_2O on Ag coating surface transformed into Ag_2S, while the protective Sn O2 on Sn coating surface converted into non-protective Sn_3O2(OH)2. This transformation reduced the protective capability of product films, thereby accelerating corrosion. [Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions of this study, Ag coating exhibited significantly superior corrosion resistance and tolerance to high current compared to Sn coating. This research provides important experimental evidence and theoretical reference for material selection and corrosion protection of electrical contact components in power equipment.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19289/j.1004-227x.2026.02.008
中图分类号:TM564.1
引用信息:
[1]樊志彬,慈文斌,张博颐,等.电流对隔离开关典型镀层大气腐蚀行为的影响[J].电镀与涂饰,2026,45(02):63-71.DOI:10.19289/j.1004-227x.2026.02.008.
基金信息:
国网山东省电力公司科技项目“输变电工程关键导电部件腐蚀机理及耐蚀性能提升技术研究及应用”（520626230114）