[目的]为评价电力工程中铜覆钢接地材料在碱性环境下的耐腐蚀性能，开发一种快速检测铜层质量的方法，并揭示其腐蚀失效机制。[方法]通过模拟碱性土壤环境，优化Na_2S_2O₈–NH₃·H_2O–NH_4Cl体系腐蚀溶液的配方，结合紫外-可见分光光度法测定铜氨配合物([Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺)在600 nm处的吸光度，定量评估铜层的腐蚀速率。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析腐蚀产物的形貌与组成。[结果]氨浓度与氧气含量显著影响腐蚀动力学，高氨浓度(如13.38 mol/L)下铜片腐蚀加快，通氧可使腐蚀速率提升约20%。铸造铜覆钢因存在气孔、夹杂等缺陷而易引发点蚀与晶间腐蚀，p H=9.0的情况下75 min内质量损失达60%，腐蚀速率显著高于电解铜覆钢。弯折实验表明，机械损伤会使界面铁含量增加，加速电化学腐蚀。铸造铜覆钢腐蚀后形成多相腐蚀产物(Cu_2O及硫酸盐)，而电解铜覆钢因表面形成了致密钝化膜而表现出优异的耐蚀性。[结论]所开发的基于吸光度法的覆铜钢铜层质量快速评价方法可为电力接地材料的选型与工艺优化提供依据，有助于提升接地系统的安全性与经济性。

[Objective] The corrosion resistance of copper-coated steel grounding materials in alkaline environments for power engineering applications was evaluated, aiming to develop a rapid method for assessing the quality of copper layer and elucidate the corrosion failure mechanism. [Method] By simulating the alkaline soil conditions, the formulation of a Na₂ S₂ O₈–NH₃·H₂ O–NH₄ Cl corrosive solution was optimized. The absorbance of the copper ammonia complex([Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺) at 600 nm was measured by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry to quantitatively evaluate the corrosion rate of the copper layer. The morphology and composition of corrosion products were analyzed using scanning electron microscope(SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometer(EDS), and X-ray diffractometer(XRD). [Result] The ammonia concentration and oxygen content significantly affected the corrosion kinetics. High ammonia concentrations(e.g. 13.38 mol/L) accelerated the corrosion of copper sheets. Oxygen aeration enhanced the corrosion rate by approximately 20%. Cast copper-coated steel was prone to pitting and intergranular corrosion due to its defects such as pores and inclusions, exhibiting a mass loss of 60% within 75 minutes at pH = 9.0, with a corrosion rate significantly higher than that of electroplated copper-coated steel. Bending tests indicated that mechanical damage increased the iron content at the interface, accelerating electrochemical corrosion. Multiphase corrosion products(Cu_2O and sulfates) were formed on cast copper-coated steel after corrosion, whereas electroplated copper-coated steel showed excellent corrosion resistance due to the formation of a compact passive film on its surface. [Conclusion] The developed rapid evaluation method for copper layer quality based on absorptiometry provides a basis for material selection and process optimization of power grounding materials, contributing to enhanced safety and cost-effectiveness of grounding systems.