[目的]针对寒冷地区风机叶片覆冰问题，开发一种高效、稳定的光热除冰涂层，以提升除冰效率并降低能源消耗。[方法]通过尿素热解法制备氮掺杂二维过渡金属碳(氮)化物MXene(MXene@N)，并将其与SiO₂气凝胶复合，构建具有“光热转换-热管理”协同机制的功能涂层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、吸收光谱、热成像等手段表征涂层的结构、光热性能及除冰行为，考察其在不同厚度冰层覆盖下的除冰效果与循环稳定性。[结果]在MXene表面实现了5.3%(原子分数)氮原子掺杂，掺杂后的MXene@N仍保持层状结构，且层间距扩大至0.98 nm，光吸收率较未掺杂样品提升7.41%。MXene@N质量分数为15%的水性聚氨酯涂层光热性能最佳，在近红外光下平均吸收率达89.7%，光热-散热动态平衡温度为147.6°C，被2 mm和4 mm厚的冰层覆盖后的除冰时间分别为45 s和90 s，对2 mm厚的冰层循环除冰30次后的除冰时间不超过47.8 s，在磨损和酸/碱浸泡试验中都表现出良好的结构与性能稳定性。[结论]氮掺杂有效增强了MXene的光热转换性能，而Si O₂气凝胶作为隔热与分散基质，显著提升了涂层的热管理能力与耐久性。该复合涂层兼具高效、稳定、环境适应性强等优点，为风机叶片除冰提供了一种有实际应用前景的方案。

[Objective] Aiming at the problem of ice accretion on wind turbine blades in cold regions, an efficient and stable photothermal deicing coating was developed to improve deicing efficiency and reduce energy consumption. [Method] A Nitrogen-doped two-dimensional MXene material(MXene@N) was prepared by the urea pyrolysis method and then composited with SiO₂ aerogel to construct a functional coating with a synergistic “photothermal conversion–thermal control” mechanism. The structure, photothermal performance, and deicing behavior of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), absorption spectroscopy, and thermography. The deicing effectiveness under ice layers of different thicknesses and the cyclic stability of the coating were evaluated. [Result] Nitrogen doping with an atomic fraction of 5.3% was achieved on the MXene surface. The resulting MXene@N retained a layered structure with an expanded interlayer spacing of 0.98 nm, and its light absorption rate was increased by 7.41% compared with the undoped MXene. The waterborne polyurethane coating containing 15%(mass fraction) MXene@N exhibited the optimal photothermal performance, with an average near-infrared absorption rate of 89.7% and a dynamic equilibrium temperature of 147.6 °C under photothermal heating and heat dissipation. The deicing times for 2 mm-thick and 4 mm-thick ice layers were 45 s and 90 s, respectively. After 30 cycles of deicing for the 2 mm-thick ice layer, the deicing time remained below 47.8 s. The coating also showed excellent structural and performance stability in abrasion tests and acid/alkali immersion tests. [Conclusion] Nitrogen doping effectively enhances the photothermal conversion performance of MXene, while SiO₂ aerogel acts as a thermal insulating and dispersing matrix, significantly improving the thermal control and durability of the coating. This composite coating has the advantages of high efficiency, good stability, and strong environmental adaptability, providing a promising solution for deicing of wind turbine blades.