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[目的]长期暴露在大气环境中的农业机械金属部件普遍面临严重的腐蚀问题，这导致设备性能退化和使用寿命缩短。本文旨在探究大气环境下腐蚀对于特定地域条件下农业机械的影响机制，并提出最优的防护措施。[方法]选用了农业机械常用的Q235钢和20钢作为研究对象，对材料进行电泳涂漆和镀锌两种不同的表面处理，采用中性盐雾试验研究了不同试样的耐腐蚀性能。[结果]未做任何表面处理的对照组于盐雾试验24 h内发生腐蚀，而电泳漆与镀锌后的试样于240 h后依次出现腐蚀，镀锌的防腐效果优于电泳漆。Q235钢与20钢的防腐效果由于含碳量、渗碳体与铁素体金相组织分布的不同而存在差别，腐蚀后的Q235钢微观组织呈现点状与片状，20钢则呈现片状。腐蚀速率及显微硬度的测量与分析表明，材料对腐蚀速率的影响并不明显，Q235钢的腐蚀速率略低于20钢，而表面处理可令腐蚀速率大幅降低，且镀锌的效果优于电泳漆。电泳漆层与镀锌层的硬度本身比钢的硬度低，但随着腐蚀的进行，电泳漆与镀锌处理试样的硬度与未表面处理的对照组相比优势凸显，盐雾腐蚀888 h后的硬度基本上保持在90%以上。[结论]材料及表面处理工艺对农业机械的耐腐蚀性能影响显著。综合来看，镀锌Q235钢在大气环境下表现出较优的耐腐蚀性能，可作为当地农业机械在大气环境下的腐蚀防护措施，提高农业机械的服役寿命。
Abstract：[Objective] The metal parts of agricultural machinery exposed to long-term atmospheric environment commonly face severe corrosion issues, leading to performance deterioration and shortened service life. This study aims to investigate the corrosion mechanism affecting agricultural machinery under specific regional atmospheric conditions and propose optimal protection measures. [Method] Q235 steel and 20 steel, commonly used in agricultural machinery, were selected as research materials. The specimens were subjected to two different surface treatments: electrophoretic coating and zinc electroplating. The corrosion resistance of different specimens was studied by neutral salt spray testing. [Result] The untreated control group exhibited corrosion within 24 hours of salt spray testing, while the electrophoretically coated and zinc-electroplated specimens showed corrosion sequentially after 240 hours. Zinc electroplating demonstrated better anticorrosion performance than electrophoretic coating. The corrosion resistance of Q235 steel and 20 steel differed due to variations in carbon content and the distribution of cementite and ferrite microstructures. After corrosion, Q235 steel displayed a mixed pitting and flake-like microstructure, while 20 steel exhibited a lamellar morphology. Measurement and analysis of corrosion rate and microhardness indicated that the material type had no significant effect on corrosion rate, with Q235 steel showing slightly lower corrosion rate than 20 steel. Surface treatment substantially reduced the corrosion rate, with zinc electroplating outperforming electrophoretic coating. Although the hardness of the electrophoretic coating and electroplated zinc layer was inherently lower than that of the steel substrates, the hardness advantage of the surface-treated specimens became evident during corrosion progression as compared with the untreated control group, maintaining nearly over 90% of initial hardness after 888 hours of salt spray exposure. [Conclusion] Both material type and surface treatment process significantly influence the corrosion resistance of agricultural machinery. Overall, zinc-electroplated Q235 steel exhibits superior corrosion resistance in atmospheric environments and can serve as an effective corrosion protection measure for local agricultural machinery, thereby extending service life.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19289/j.1004-227x.2026.02.010
中图分类号:S22;TG174.4
引用信息:
[1]于晓丽,李琳,李栋,等.大气环境下农业机械腐蚀影响机制与防护措施研究[J].电镀与涂饰,2026,45(02):82-90.DOI:10.19289/j.1004-227x.2026.02.010.
基金信息:
聊城市重点研发计划政策引导类项目（2024YD85）;聊城市重点研发计划政策引导类项目（2023YD85）; 聊城大学东昌学院2025年校级项目资助“淬火-回火工艺参数对于Q235金相组织及力学性能影响机制的研究与应用”（2025LG005）; 山东省企业创新项目（2025537150000280）; 聊城大学东昌学院2024年校级项目资助“多功能一体化胡萝卜收获机的创新设计与性能优化研究”（2024LG003）