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[目的]探讨了6061铝合金的腐蚀机制及腐蚀产物对腐蚀过程的影响。[方法]通过盐水浸泡试验、腐蚀形貌观察、产物成分分析、电化学测试等方法，研究腐蚀产物对3.5%NaCl溶液中6061铝合金腐蚀进程的作用规律。构建了考虑腐蚀产物影响的铝合金浸泡腐蚀模型，对体系中电流密度、腐蚀深度、腐蚀产物浓度等关键参数进行分析。[结果]在7 d期间，随着腐蚀产物的积累，6061铝合金的腐蚀速率从1.521×10-1 mm/a降至4.35×10-2 mm/a，腐蚀电流密度由5.46×10-6 A/cm2下降至3.07×10-6 A/cm2。生成的Al_2O3、Al(OH)3等产物使腐蚀层结构趋于致密，有效阻隔了腐蚀介质与基体的接触及带电粒子的扩散传输，从而减缓了腐蚀过程。仿真结果显示，Al(OH)3浓度的增加对离子扩散迁移产生阻碍，削弱了电化学腐蚀效应。试验测得的腐蚀深度与模拟值吻合良好，误差在10%以内。[结论]腐蚀产物通过致密阻隔结构与动力学抑制协同减缓6061铝合金的腐蚀进程，这为工程应用中铝合金腐蚀评估与防护提供了科学依据。
Abstract：[Objective] The corrosion mechanism of 6061 aluminum alloy and the influence of corrosion products on the corrosion process were discussed. [Method] Through saline immersion test, corrosion morphology observation, product composition analysis, and electrochemical measurement, the effect of corrosion products on the corrosion process of 6061 aluminum alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution was studied. An immersion corrosion model for the aluminum alloy considering the influence of corrosion products was established, and the key parameters such as current density, corrosion depth, and corrosion product concentration in the system were analyzed. [Result] During a 7-day period, as the corrosion products accumulated, the corrosion rate of 6061 aluminum alloy decreased from 1.521 × 10-1 mm/a to 4.35 × 10-2 mm/a, and the corrosion current density dropped from 5.46 × 10-6 A/cm2 to 3.07 × 10-6 A/cm2. The generated products such as Al_2O3 and Al(OH)3 made the corrosion layer structure more compact, effectively blocking the contact between the corrosive medium and the substrate as well as the diffusion and transport of charged particles, thereby slowing down the corrosion process. The simulation results showed that the increase of Al(OH)3 concentration hindered the ion diffusion and migration, weakening the electrochemical corrosion effect. The corrosion depth measured experimentally was in good agreement with the simulation values, with an error of less than 10%. [Conclusion] The corrosion products synergistically slow down the corrosion process of 6061 aluminum alloy through a compact barrier structure and kinetic inhibition. This provides a scientific basis for corrosion assessment and protection of aluminum alloys in engineering applications.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19289/j.1004-227x.2026.02.005
中图分类号:U465.2;TG172
引用信息:
[1]袁文昊,陈亚军,张艺鼎,等.车窗导轨用6061铝合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的浸泡腐蚀研究[J].电镀与涂饰,2026,45(02):34-42.DOI:10.19289/j.1004-227x.2026.02.005.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目（11972364）