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[目的]油气集输管道作为能源运输的重要基础设施，其内腐蚀问题日益突出，深入探究管道内腐蚀的影响因素与作用机制已成为当前行业的研究热点。[方法]本文结合近年以来的文献研究，综述了油气集输管道内腐蚀的主要腐蚀因素及腐蚀机理，强调了各因素之间的协同腐蚀作用。[结果]首先阐述了腐蚀性气体(CO2、H_2S)的电化学腐蚀机理，包括其反应过程、腐蚀产物的形成，以及温度对产物膜保护效果的影响；分析了溶解盐类(氯化物、硫酸盐、碳酸盐等)通过破坏钝化膜、参与微生物代谢等方式引发腐蚀的特性及典型场景；探讨了流速通过传质、产物膜稳定性等机制对腐蚀的复杂影响；阐明了硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)等微生物通过直接电子转移等机制加速腐蚀的过程，以及菌种间的相互作用。同时，重点剖析了多腐蚀因素的协同作用，如CO2与流速共同破坏产物膜、Cl~-增强SRB腐蚀活性等复杂效应。[结论]研究表明，单一因素的腐蚀机制已较明确，但多因素协同作用的定量描述仍需深化。未来需在现有研究的基础上，发展基于多因素耦合的腐蚀动力学模型，以提升腐蚀预测与防控水平。
Abstract：[Objective] As an important infrastructure for energy transportation, oil and gas gathering and transportation pipelines are increasingly affected by internal corrosion. In-depth research into the influencing factors and mechanisms of pipeline internal corrosion has become a hot topic in the industry. [Method] The main corrosion factors and corrosion mechanisms of internal corrosion in oil and gas gathering and transportation pipelines were reviewed based on recent literature research, emphasizing the synergistic corrosion effects between various factors. [Result] First, the electrochemical corrosion mechanism of corrosive gases(CO2 and H_2S) was explained, including their reaction processes, the formation of corrosion products, and the effect of temperature on the protective effect of the product film. The characteristics and typical scenarios of corrosion caused by dissolved salts(chlorides, sulfates, carbonates, etc.) through the destruction of passivation films and participation in microbial metabolism were analyzed. The complex effects of flow velocity on corrosion through mechanisms such as mass transfer and product film stability were explored; the process by which microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) accelerate corrosion through mechanisms such as direct electron transfer, as well as the interactions between bacterial species, were clarified. Additionally, the synergistic effects of multiple corrosion factors were analyzed in detail, such as the combined destruction of the product film by CO2 and flow velocity, and the enhancement of SRB corrosion activity by Cl~-. [Conclusion] This research indicates that the corrosion mechanism of a single factor is relatively clear, but the quantitative description of the synergistic effects of multiple factors still needs to be further explored. In the future, it will be necessary to develop corrosion kinetic models based on the coupling of multiple factors on the basis of existing research in order to improve corrosion prediction and prevention capabilities.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19289/j.1004-227x.2026.03.007
中图分类号:TE988.2
引用信息:
[1]高建伟,黄鹏,张思北,等.油气集输管道内腐蚀因素的研究进展[J].电镀与涂饰,2026,45(03):56-66.DOI:10.19289/j.1004-227x.2026.03.007.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金（11972364）
2025-07-06
2025
2026-03-27
2026-03-30
2026
1
2026-03-20
2026-03-20