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[目的]针对传统环氧富锌涂层锌粉含量高、涂层致密性与力学性能不足、成本及环境负担大等瓶颈，亟需开发高性能低锌含量的锌粉底漆。[方法]本研究基于“石墨烯-锌”协同防护机制，系统比较了超临界流体剥离石墨烯(SG)、电化学剥离石墨烯(EG)和还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)三种典型石墨烯的微观结构，以及对环氧富锌涂层的力学性能、电化学行为及耐腐蚀性能的影响。[结果]结果表明，SG呈独立卷曲的小片层松散堆积，EG具有独特的“片层互连-孔洞镶嵌”网络状结构，RGO则为大片层紧密堆叠且高度缺陷化。在涂层性能方面，石墨烯的添加对附着力呈现低添加量下降、高添加量回升的规律；EG因网络结构在10%添加量时附着力提升至14.07 MPa。电化学阻抗谱显示，EG改性涂层在5%添加量时低频阻抗模值达3.06×1010 Ω·cm2，呈“火山型”变化趋势，而RGO和SG的阻抗模值随添加量增加分别持续下降或缓慢上升。耐盐雾测试(2160 h)表明，60%锌粉下EG各添加量均无腐蚀，SG需10%添加量方可达到同等防护效果，RGO则因团聚和缺陷在720 h内失效。实海挂板实验证实，石墨烯改性富锌涂层(60%锌粉，5% EG)配套体系可与传统80%锌粉富锌底漆防腐性能相当。[结论]以上结果证明了石墨烯的结构完整性、分散状态及添加量是决定涂层协同防护效果的核心因素。EG凭借其独特的网络结构在低添加量下实现了优异的综合性能，为高性能、低锌含量重防腐涂料的理性设计提供了理论依据与技术支撑。
Abstract：[Objective] Addressing the bottlenecks of traditional epoxy zinc-rich coatings， such as high zinc powder content， insufficient compactness and mechanical properties， as well as significant cost and environmental burdens， there is an urgent need to develop high-performance， low-zinc-content zinc powder primers. [Method] This study systematically compared three typical types of graphene based on the “graphene-zinc” synergistic protection mechanism: supercritical fluid-exfoliated graphene (SG)， electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EG)， and reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The microstructures of these graphene materials were characterized， and their effects on the mechanical properties， electrochemical behavior， and corrosion resistance of epoxy zinc-rich coatings were investigated. [Result] The results show that SG exists as loosely stacked， independently curled small lamellae; EG exhibits a unique “interconnected lamellae with embedded pores” network structure; while RGO consists of tightly stacked， highly defected large lamellae. In terms of coating performance， the addition of graphene affects adhesion in a pattern of decrease at low addition levels and recovery at high addition levels. Thanks to its network structure， EG increases the adhesion to 14.07 MPa at an addition level of 10%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that the EG-modified coating achieves a low-frequency impedance modulus of 3.06×10¹⁰ Ω·cm at 5% addition， exhibiting a “volcano-shaped” trend. In contrast， the impedance moduli of RGO and SG either continuously decrease or slowly increase with increasing addition. Salt spray tests (2160 h) indicate that with 60% zinc powder， all EG addition levels show no corrosion; SG requires 10% addition to achieve the same level of protection; while RGO fails within 720 h due to agglomeration and defects. Real-sea immersion tests confirm that the coating system based on graphene-modified zinc-rich coating (60% zinc powder， 5% EG) achieves corrosion protection performance comparable to that of traditional 80% zinc powder zinc-rich primer. [Conclusion] The above results demonstrate that the structural integrity， dispersion state， and loading amount of graphene are the core factors determining the synergistic protective performance of the coatings. Leveraging its unique network structure， EG achieves excellent comprehensive performance at low addition levels， providing theoretical basis and technical support for the rational design of high-performance， low-zinc-content heavy-duty anti-corrosion coatings.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TQ637
引用信息:
[1]黄茹玲,胡博,周天易,等.石墨烯对环氧富锌涂层防腐性能的调控机制研究[J].电镀与涂饰().
基金信息:
华能清洁能源技术研究院科技项目（CERI/TU-25-CERI01）
2026-08-24
2026-08-24
2026-08-24