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[目的]为解决冶金铜部件易磨损失效的问题，在铜表面电镀Ni–Co合金并进行900℃热处理，研究其高温耐磨性和导热性。[方法]通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对镀层的微观形貌和物相进行分析，利用显微硬度计、高温摩擦磨损试验机及激光导热仪分别测试了镀层的显微硬度、耐磨性和导热系数。[结果]热处理前镀层表面平整，主要由NiCo固溶体构成，显微硬度达到铜基体的6.4倍；热处理后镀层表面生成“鱼鳞”状氧化层，主要物相为3CoO·NiO及少量NiCo_2O4，显微硬度较热处理前提升6.8%。该氧化层具有保护和润滑作用，使镀层的耐磨性提升至热处理前的4.5倍，磨损机制为氧化磨损。此外，由于镀层与氧化层厚度较小，镀件整体的导热性约为纯铜的93.5%。[结论]铜表面Ni–Co合金镀层进行适当热处理后兼具高温耐磨性和导热性，研究结果可为冶金铜部件表面强化提供参考。
Abstract：[Objective] To address the issue of easy wear and failure of metallurgical copper components, a Ni–Co alloy coating was electroplated on the copper surface and subjected to heat treatment at 900 ℃. The high-temperature wear resistance and thermal conductivity of the coating was studied. [Method] The microstructure and phase composition of Ni–Co alloy coating were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The microhardness, wear resistance, and thermal conductivity of the coating was measured using a microhardness tester, a high-temperature friction and wear tester, and a laser flash apparatus, respectively. [Result] The as-plated Ni–Co alloy coating was smooth and mainly composed of Ni Co solid solution, with a microhardness 6.4 times that of the copper substrate. After heat treatment, a “fish-scale” oxide layer formed on the coating surface, with the main phases being 3 CoO·NiO and a small amount of NiCo_2O4, and the microhardness increased by 6.8% compared to that before heat treatment. This oxide layer provided protective and lubricating effects, improving the wear resistance of the coating to 4.5 times that before heat treatment, with the wear mechanism being oxidative wear. In addition, due to the small thickness of the coating and oxide layer, the overall thermal conductivity of the coated specimen was approximately 93.5% that of pure copper. [Conclusion] After appropriate heat treatment, the Ni–Co alloy coating on copper exhibits both high-temperature wear resistance and thermal conductivity. The findings of this study can provide a reference for the surface strengthening of metallurgical copper components.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19289/j.1004-227x.2026.07.005
中图分类号:TQ153.2;TG156
引用信息:
[1]章超,张鸣.热处理对纯铜表面耐磨导热型镍钴合金镀层性能的影响[J].电镀与涂饰,2026,45(07):37-43.DOI:10.19289/j.1004-227x.2026.07.005.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（U1860203）; 安徽省高校科学研究项目（2025AHGXZK40741）; 安徽省博士后资助项目（2025B1044）; 安徽省高校协同创新项目（GXXT-2023-026）; 铜陵学院人才科研启动基金项目（2023TLXYRC49）
2026-01-27
2026
2026-07-28
2026-04-13
2026
1
2026-05-11
2026-05-11
2026-05-11